The Rise of “Laotoule” in China
During my travels to China, I’ve been struck by two contrasting spectacles on the streets. On one hand, there’s a vibrant scene dominated by electric cars, with an abundance of brands, models, and dealerships almost everywhere in urban centers. Counterbalancing this electric fervor, I noticed a significant presence of vehicles termed “laotoule”—a category of quadricycles that can be operated without a driving license—cluttering the roads and sidewalks.
What is a Laotoule?
Known endearingly as “laotoule,” which translates to “joy of the old man,” these vehicles originated from modifications of tuk-tuks in rural areas since the 1990s. While traditional light quadricycles in places like Spain are mainly driven by older individuals, laotoules cater to a broader demographic. These vehicles typically hold up to five passengers and come in a variety of styles. Although they initially served as convenience vehicles for running errands, they have now gained popularity among younger people as low-cost transportation solutions.
Increasing Popularity and Concerns
According to the China Electric Vehicle Association, the sales of these non-highway vehicles grew from 1.1 million in 2017 to 2.1 million in 2023, with a significant portion targeting senior citizens. Reports indicate that laotoules are flooding both rural roads and urban peripheries, raising alarm from local authorities regarding their safety and regulation.
Legal Loopholes
Unlike regulations in Spain, where every motor vehicle must possess a technical sheet and a license plate, laotoules are often marketed as personal mobility devices. This has resulted in many being sold without registration or even the necessity of passing a vehicle inspection. They are increasingly available online, often mimicking luxury car designs but at remarkably lower prices.
Imitations of Luxury
The proliferation of laotoules extends to models that mimic high-end brands like Porsche and Maserati—though they are not officially associated with these manufacturers. You can find models priced as low as €3,200 on various e-commerce platforms. There are even versions that resemble the Xiaomi YU7, equipped with electric motors capable of reaching speeds up to 70 km/h.
Safety Risks
The most pressing issue associated with laotoules is road safety. While they might appear to be miniature cars, they lack vital safety features such as steel frames and airbags, putting their drivers and passengers at risk. A recent report highlighted a tragic incident involving a 59-year-old driver in Hebei who was fatally injured while driving a laotule.
From Prohibition to Regulation
In response to rising concerns, some local administrations are taking action. Beginning January 1, 2024, cities like Luoyang and Beijing will ban the circulation of low-speed three- and four-wheel electric vehicles on public roads.
However, a balanced approach may be necessary. China has begun to issue regulations specifying the technical specifications and safety requirements for electric vehicles, which will categorize laotoules as motor vehicles. As noted by Lu Yong, a researcher in the low-speed electric vehicle sector, there is a significant demand for these vehicles, requiring urgent attention to design and regulatory frameworks to ensure both industry development and traffic safety.
Conclusion
The surge of laotoules in China reflects a burgeoning demand for economical and versatile transportation. However, the lack of regulatory oversight poses a severe risk to road safety. If properly managed with stringent regulations and safety standards, laotoules may become a safer alternative in China’s evolving transportation landscape.