Laravel’de Strateji Deseni: Temiz Ödeme İşleme

Son güncelleme: 6 Ocak 2026 19:53

Problem 😫
Aşağıdaki gibi bir kod gördünüz mü?

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">processPayment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">)</span>

{
$method = $request->payment_method;

<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'credit_card'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// 50 lines of credit card logic...</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'paypal'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// 40 lines of PayPal logic...</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'crypto'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// 60 lines of crypto logic...</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// ... more conditions</span>

}

<p>Bu kod parçası aşağıdakilere neden olur:</p>
<ul>
    <li>200 üzeri satıra sahip metotlar</li>
    <li>Test edilemeyen kod</li>
    <li>Bakım zorlukları</li>
    <li>SOLID ihlalleri</li>
</ul>

<h2>
  Çözüm: <strong>Strategy Pattern</strong> ✨
</h2>

<p>Strategy Pattern, algoritmaları ayrı sınıflara kapsülleyerek birbirleriyle değiştirilebilir hale getirir.</p>

<h3>
  Adım 1: Arayüzü Tanımlayın
</h3>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">PaymentStrategyInterface</span>

{
public function pay(float $amount, array $details): array;
public function validate(array $details): bool;
public function refund(string $transactionId, float $amount): array;
}

<h3>
  Adım 2: Somut Stratejiler Oluşturun
</h3>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">CreditCardStrategy</span> <span class="kd">implements</span> <span class="nc">PaymentStrategyInterface</span>

{
public function pay(float $amount, array $details): array
{
// Kredi kartı işleme mantığı
return [
‘success’ => true,
‘transactionid’ => ‘txn‘ . uniqid(),
];
}

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">validate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">array</span> <span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'card_number'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> 
           <span class="o">!</span><span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'cvv'</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">refund</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="nv">$transactionId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">float</span> <span class="nv">$amount</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="kt">array</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// İade mantığı</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'success'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

}

class PayPalStrategy implements PaymentStrategyInterface
{
public function pay(float $amount, array $details): array
{
// PayPal işleme mantığı
return [
‘success’ => true,
‘transactionid’ => ‘pp‘ . uniqid(),
];
}

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">validate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">array</span> <span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> 
           <span class="nb">filter_var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$details</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="no">FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">refund</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="nv">$transactionId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">float</span> <span class="nv">$amount</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="kt">array</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1>'success'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

}

<h3>
  Adım 3: Strateji Fabrikasını Oluşturun
</h3>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">PaymentStrategyFactory</span>

{
public function create(string $method): PaymentStrategyInterface
{
return match($method) {
‘credit_card’ => new CreditCardStrategy(),
‘paypal’ => new PayPalStrategy(),
‘crypto’ => new CryptoStrategy(),
default => throw new \InvalidArgumentException(“Bilinmeyen yöntem: {$method}“),
};
}
}

<h3>
  Adım 4: Kontrollerde Kullanın
</h3>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">OrderController</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">Controller</span>

{
public function __construct(
private PaymentStrategyFactory $factory
) {}

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="n">processPayment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">Request</span> <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nv">$strategy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">payment_method</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nv">$strategy</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">validate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">payment_details</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">response</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">json</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1>'error'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1>'Geçersiz detaylar'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="mi">400</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="nv">$result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$strategy</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">pay</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">payment_details</span>
    <span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">response</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$result</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

}

<p>Avantajlar 🎯<br/>✅ Tek Sorumluluk - Her strateji bir metotla ilgilenir<br/>✅ Açık/Kapalı - Yeni yöntemler eklenebilir, mevcut kod değiştirilmeden<br/>✅ Kolay Test - Her strateji bağımsız test edilebilir<br/>✅ Bakımı Kolay - Endişelerin net bir şekilde ayrılması<br/>✅ Esneklik - Çalışma zamanında stratejileri değiştirme<br/></p>

<h2>
  Test Örneği
</h2>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">CreditCardStrategyTest</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">TestCase</span>

{
public function test_validates_card_details(): void
{
$strategy = new CreditCardStrategy();

    <span class="nv">$valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$strategy</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">validate</span><span class="p">([</span>
        <span class="s1>'card_number'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1>'4532015112830366'</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1>'cvv'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1>'123'</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">]);</span>

    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">assertTrue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$valid</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

}

<p><strong>Gerçek Dünya Kullanım Durumları 💡</strong></p>

<p>Strategy Pattern'ı kullanabileceğiniz alanlar:</p>

<ul>
    <li>Ödeme - Kredi kartı, PayPal, Kripto</li>
    <li>Depolama - S3, Yerel, DigitalOcean</li>
    <li>Bildirimler - E-posta, SMS, Slack</li>
    <li>Kimlik Doğrulama - OAuth, LDAP, JWT</li>
    <li>İhracat - PDF, Excel, CSV</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Hızlı Hatırlatma</strong><br/>Bu karmaşayı dönüştürün:<br/></p>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1>'x'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="cm">/* 50 lines */</span> <span class="p">}</span>

elseif ($method === <span class=”s1>’y’) { / 40 lines / }

<p>Bu zarif yapıya dönüştürün:<br/></p>

<div class="highlight js-code-highlight">
    <pre class="highlight php"><code><span class="nv">$strategy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$factory</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nf">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">);</span>

$result = $strategy->pay($amount, $details);

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