We are in the late 80s. Were dresses really uniform? Photo: Maipo Film Outside the hospital where Christian is having an MRI, there are two nurses in dresses taking a look. In dresses, you said? Sure. Nurses have been dressed up in dresses since the beginning of nursing history, and in several places in Norway female nurses actually wore dresses right up until the 90s. In Haukeland, gender-neutral clothing was only introduced in 1993. But in several places they had already started wearing trousers in the 1980s. Although we are unable to find out who was the first, it may seem that there were different practices around the country at different hospitals and institutions – and even from department to department in the same city. Several news items from the first half of 1986 show nurses in uniform, which at the time was a white dress. Among other things, we have received help from the Aker Hospital Museum in Oslo, who contacted the former manager of the laundry, Kitty Nordmann. She said that the transition happened gradually from 1989 to 1990. According to head of department Bente Lüdemann at the Norwegian Nurses’ Association, they used to wear trousers on the operating theater earlier than in other departments. Nurses all over the country had to fight to be allowed to wear trousers. It was not always as practical to wear a dress in the physical work that the nurses do. Couldn’t you drink the water in Oklahoma? Photo: Maipo Film Large parts of episode six take place in the USA. Anna takes the children to visit the American grandparents. They live miserably, and they get water from jugs that are fetched from the shed in the garden. Grandfather Reggie explains to the grandchildren that it is because the water in the ground is contaminated. – Oil sinks into the ground, so we can’t drink the water, he says. Grandparents in Oklahoma have to fetch drinking water from jugs. Photo: Maipo Film If you do a Google search on pollution in Oklahoma, it doesn’t take long before you realize that the oil industry in the state has affected the local population there for a long, long time. Oklahoma has extracted oil and gas from areas on land for more than 100 years. In the early 1990s, long-term pollution from what is now the Phillips 66 refinery led to one of the largest court settlements in US history. After a several-year-long struggle from the residents, the oil company Conoco had to buy up entire neighborhoods in Ponca City in the north of the state – which for a long time had come into close contact with cancer-causing benzene, arsenic and around 20 other potentially harmful chemicals. In the timeline from Google Earth, you can see how rows of houses and whole neighborhoods have disappeared when the oil companies have bought up or moved houses from the areas around oil refineries. Google To this day, many residents near oil refineries swear by bottled water, fearing that the groundwater is contaminated. Sharks – how common were they in the 80s? Rein picks up a hitchhiker in episode 6. If you’ve never hitchhiked, it means getting a free ride with passing cars, both passenger cars and professional drivers. Photo: Maipo Film Haiking is carried out by showing a thumb, or holding up a sign with the name of the place you want to go to. And yes, it was common throughout the 70s and 80s. In fact, people have been hitchhiking for as long as there have been cars on vegan roads in Norway, but hitchhiking gained particular attention from the 70s. A man is standing along the highway hitchhiking towards what appears to be Gothenburg in Sweden. The photo was taken in the summer of 1958, which shows that hitchhiking has been popular for several decades. Photo: Dagbladet/Norsk Folkemuseum/Id: NF.26959-554 Many young eyes, namely the chance to go on short and longer trips, completely free. And many drivers thought it was pleasant to have company in an empty car. But it was not entirely without risk. Cases of robbery, rape and even murder involving sharks appeared in the news. Shark hunters were therefore encouraged to be careful. In 1985, Aftenposten wrote that the haikars had got their own communication center in Oslo, following inspiration from other European countries. In this way, it was possible to ensure that driver and passenger came into contact, and had to identify themselves in advance. Because it was no secret that hitchhiking had some safety challenges. It wasn’t quite benchers with thumbs up. A shark has its thumb in the air on the roadside in Luxemburg in August 1977. Photo: Creative Commons/Roger McLassus What kind of machine is this? Christian let himself roll into a large drum in episode 6. He is worried about how sick Martin has become from the diving, and wants to see if his own brain has been damaged. Photo: Maipo Film MR was actually quite new at the time, and Stavanger was the first in the country to offer the examination, ahead of Trondheim and Oslo. The first machine was installed at the new MRI laboratory at the Central Hospital in Rogaland in 1986, after an effective fundraising campaign initiated by hotel director and politician Jan Johnsen. MRI was seen as a breakthrough in accurate cancer diagnostics, and in Stavanger “everyone” wanted to contribute. Among the donors was Statoil, which gave NOK 10 million. In order to avoid taxation, the machine had to be linked to research activity, and among the first to be researched were precisely the divers in the North Sea, and boxers. A Gyroscan from Philips, as MR looked around the mid-80s. When Stavanger got its first machine in ’86, it was a Gyroscan S5 from Philips. Photo: Royal Philips MRI has recently been used in research to detect lasting changes in the brains of North Sea divers. Where does Martin live? Martin has moved into an institution. Does he actually exist? No. Or yes, built there – in Belgium. (So it is unlikely that Martin would have been sent to this particular institution to get help.) Photo: Maipo Film Production says that the villa now houses the offices of a law firm in the province of Walloon Brabant, south-east of Brussels. What is a bit special is that the William Lennox hospital is only a stone’s throw away from the villa. The hospital is dedicated to rehabilitation and care for patients suffering from neurological disorders, which Martin also suffers from in the series. Mobile in the convertible? Was it realistic? Rein has a phone in the car! Was this a realistic mobile phone in the late 1980s? Photo: Maipo Film Sure, these could be found in the car, in the cabin or over the shoulders of businessmen towards the end of the 80s. The company Mobira (later Nokia) was among the very first to offer portable phones. It was both heavy (five kilos!) and expensive (around 20,000 – which today would amount to 45,000!). Motorola’s version, which appeared shortly after, became the best-seller in Norway. He was connected to a network called the Nordic Mobile Phone System (NMT). Towards the end of the 1980s, smaller mobile phones appeared without the large battery, which could even fit in a jacket pocket. And the rest is history! A Motorola MCR 4500 produced in 1986. The six kilo portable phone is now kept at the Norwegian Technical Museum. A Motorola MCR 9500XL produced in 1988. The oldest phones had to be charged often. This weighed 4.5 kilos and had a talk time of 1 hour and 20 minutes. In a few years, the battery packs became lighter and the talk time increased. This Motorola Traveler was produced in 1992 and weighed only 2.25 kg. What kind of jacket is this? Anna has brought gifts from Norway with her to the USA. What kind of knitted jacket is it? The American grandparents receive traditional Norwegian lice cuffs as a gift. This is one of the most famous patterns in Norway, from Setesdal. American grandparents who are not very impressed by the woolen clothes from Norway. Photo: The Maipo Film Kufta was originally part of the men’s clothing in Setesdal, and has been used all the way back to the 1850s. The jacket has woven bands and metal hems. After he was presented in a modern weekly magazine in the 30s, he has been adapted to fluctuations in fashion, and the pattern has varied. If you want to get hold of a freshly knitted, original version today, it costs several thousand Norwegian kroner. Suicide among the North Sea divers Episode 6 deals with one of the bleakest consequences of the oil adventure. It has been a controversial topic, how the North Sea divers felt at work. They had a risky job, and were exposed to accidents of varying degrees of severity. Several suffered long-term injuries. A commemorative plaque for the North Sea divers hangs at the Norwegian Oil Museum. Photo: Shadé B. Martins / Norwegian Oil Museum Subsequent investigations have shown that the majority of divers have done well in working life after their diving career, but have also shown that the proportion of disabled people was higher than in the general population. – Several of the pioneer divers fell ill. This is such an important part of the history of the North Sea divers that it cannot be overlooked. This is what screenwriter Mette Bølstad says. She says that she has spoken to divers, doctors, support staff, historians and people who have employed divers to gain the widest possible insight. Both in how it actually was, how much the different people actually knew, and how it affected the divers when they first started to get symptoms. – We could not overlook this part of history, says series creator Mette Bølstad. Photo: Carina Johansen / NTB – Martin and Christian go out to sea with the first boat they bought when they started their company c-Max 20 years earlier. It is naturally a poetic choice to end at sea, but it is not an improbable choice. I have followed the procedures and treatment that were available at the time. In 2003, there was a report from the Commission of Inquiry into the relationship with the pioneer divers in the North Sea. There it emerged that suicide seems to be clearly more frequent among the divers than in the male population. A great many of those questioned reported divers’ illnesses to varying degrees, and even more answered that they had been in dangerous situations that were not easy to leave behind. Do you want to check out more facts about Lykkeland? Take a look at this page: Lykkeland – facts and fiction Sources: New York Times, Oklahoma Sustainability Network, NBC News, Undark Magazine, The Oklahoman, Norwegian Radiographer’s Association, Norsk Sykepleierforbund, Helsenoreg.no, Tidsskrift for den norske legeforeininga, Stavanger Aftenblad, the book “Luse Kufta from Setesdal”, Digital museum, Norwegian Technical Museum, Ministry of Labor and Inclusion. Published 24.11.2024, at 20.09
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Lykkeland facts and fiction season 3, episode 6 – news Culture and entertainment
