Different peoples have fought over the territory of Kosovo since ancient times. This fertile highland plain has been part of both Rome, Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire. During the Middle Ages, it was in Kosovo that the emerging Serbia unfolded, which has given the country the nickname “Serbia’s cradle”. During most of the 20th century, Serbia and Kosovo were part of Yugoslavia. But when Yugoslavia collapsed in the 1990s, the ethnic Albanian majority in Kosovo was among those calling for independence. After several years of guerrilla warfare, Serbia and the Kosovo Liberation Army UÇK fought a bloody war from 1998 to 1999. Kosovo had the support of Albania, Croatia and NATO, which carried out a controversial bombing war. Several hundred thousand were chased internally in Kosovo and across the border to neighboring countries, until a peace agreement was signed in June 1999. Kosovo was placed under UN and NATO administration, and in 2008 the Republic of Kosovo declared independence. At the same time, Serbia and many other countries still do not recognize Kosovo’s independence.
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