Reduction of Working Hours in Latin America
The reduction of working hours to 40 hours per week is already a reality in Mexico, following its approval and publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF). The country now embarks on a gradual transition that will see this initiative fully implemented by 2030.
Mexico Takes the Lead
This landmark reform positions Mexico as the third country in Latin America to establish the shortest working week. In stark contrast, the majority of Latin American countries maintain a standard 48-hour work week, with only Ecuador and Chile previously adopting a 40-hour framework.
The 40-Hour “Club”
With this reform, Mexico joins Ecuador, a pioneer in work hour reduction since 1997, and Chile, which is transitioning from a 45-hour week to a 40-hour week by 2028. This adjustment not only enhances workers’ quality of life but may also boost productivity.
International Standards and Local Context
The International Labor Organization (ILO) emphasizes in its report titled ‘Reduction of Working Hours: Global Evolution and Challenges for Latin America‘ that while the 48-hour work week remains the norm, some countries are making strides toward shorter hours. The success of such reforms depends significantly on local economic conditions and supportive policies.
Other Examples of Reduced Hours
Apart from Mexico, Ecuador, and Chile, several countries have reduced their working hours below 48 hours. The Dominican Republic, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and Honduras have a 44-hour work week, while Colombia recently transitioned to a 42-hour work week. These variations illustrate a growing trend, albeit slow, toward shorter working hours across the region.
Implementation of the Reform in Mexico
The process in Mexico will be progressive. Starting from 48 hours, the work week will decrease by two hours each year, aiming for the following timeline:
- January 2027: 46 hours
- January 2028: 44 hours
- January 2029: 42 hours
- January 2030: 40 hours
This gradual adjustment aims to minimize disruption to workers and employers, maintaining a single rest day without decreasing wages.
Facing Labor Challenges
Despite the positive steps, the ILO report notes challenges such as high informal employment, limited collective bargaining, and a prevalent underground economy, which complicate the implementation of reduced working hours. Furthermore, specific sectors including domestic work and informal labor require tailored regulations rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
The labor landscape in Latin America demands nuanced solutions that consider local realities and market conditions. Only through thoughtful reform can countries achieve the balance necessary for both economic productivity and worker well-being.